The overexpression of IL-33 has been observed to activate cancer stem cell genes, such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A3 (ALDH1A3), Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 (OCT4), Nanog Homeobox (NANOG), and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2 (SOX2), thereby promoting cancer stem cell properties and increasing the difficulty of targeting such cells for treatment [60]. The gene discussed is NANOG; the disease is cancer.