If some authors consider that HIF factors are renoprotective, others sustain that HIF is implicated in promoting renal fibrosis via TGF-β, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) or PI3K/Akt (representing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) signaling pathways, regulation of different transcriptional pro-fibrotic genes and also its potential implication in EMT processes [110]. Here, AKT1 is linked to renal fibrosis.