We have found that levels of molecular species of ceramide and sphingomyelin in apo B-containing lipoproteins (IDL/VLDL and LDL) were not significantly different between healthy controls and subjects with diabetes and normoalbuminuria, but sphingomyelin species levels carried by LDL were increased in subjects with diabetes and macroalbuminuria when compared with the diabetes group with normoalbuminuria [110]. Here, APOB is linked to diabetes mellitus.