Furthermore, CSF was reported to alleviate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and improve DN in db/db mice by blocking the activation of CX3CL1-RAF/MEK/ERK pathways, which down-regulated the expression of vimentin, α-SMA, IL-1β, p-c-Raf/c-Raf, and IL18, while up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin. This evidence concerns the gene RAF1 and liver dysplastic nodule.