Our study identified other proteins belonging to the homeobox family in serum exosomes of NSCLC patients, such as homeobox protein BarH-like 1, homeobox protein Hox-C4, homeobox protein MOX-1, homeobox protein Nkx-2.8, and homeobox protein notochord. Here, HOXC4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.