If infections prevailed, the secretion of cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1B, IL-1B), T cells (e.g., CD4+, CD8+), and other proinflammatory molecules (e.g., tumor necrosis factor, TNF) by the maternal and fetal immune systems could have led to poor neurological outcomes, including diseases that manifest much later in postnatal life [68,69]. Here, TNF is linked to infection.