In a more recent paper, Gaccioli [48] found that the triggers responsible for increasing the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio are different in pre-eclampsia than fetal growth restriction: in pre-eclampsia, sFlt-1 displays increased concentrations in the placenta, leading to the elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, whereas in fetal growth restriction, reduced placental expression of PlGF causes the elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is fetal growth restriction.