VIP and pheochromocytoma: For example, cortisol excess caused by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion by phaeochromocytoma [10,11] has been described as has symptomatic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [12,13] and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) [14] secretion.