Human bone-marrow-derived MSCs expressing high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity improved systemic hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-treated NOD/SCID mice and augmented insulin secretion by increasing islet size and vascularization.In vitro expansion of human bone-marrow-derived MSCs prior to transplantation reduced the capacity to diminish blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-treated NOD/SCID mice at two-week intervals. Here, INS is linked to Hyperglycemia.