RCC is well known for the low rates of response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which gave rise to much research regarding the development and evolution of targeted therapies, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) pathways, mTOR inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and more recently, combined targeted therapies. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and renal cell carcinoma.