The concurrent MCI/AD-associated significant or trend-wise reductions in serum GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, and MCP-1 levels and vis-à-vis the abovementioned increases in the levels of pro-inflammatory factors indicate that the systemic cytokine/chemokine responses were mixed. Here, IL6 is linked to Alzheimer disease.