CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: For the nine chemokines, all of which were pro-inflammatory, four (44.4%), including eotaxin, MIP-1α, PDGF-bb, and RANTES, were significantly elevated (Figure 4), two (22%), including IP-10 (Figure 3) and MCP-1 (Figure 4), were significantly reduced, and three (33%), including IL-8 (Figure 2), IFN-γ (Figure 3), and MIP-1β (Figure 4), were either trend-wise altered or unchanged in the MCI/AD relative to control groups.