Altogether, seven of the twenty-four (29.2%) CSF cytokine and chemokine responses in the MCI/AD group reported an increased activation of pro-inflammatory, pro-injury, or an inhibition of neuroprotective responses, five (20.8%) showed evidence of decreased neuro-inflammation, and twelve (50%) were unaltered relative to the controls. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is Alzheimer disease.