The level of NGAL-R/CD38 co-expression increased with time in P10′s CLL cells before treatment, and was markedly decreased at remission (month 16 corresponding to 10 months after FCR treatment) (Figure 2d); similarly, the elevated NGAL-R/CD38 levels in untreated patient P5′s CLL cells fell at remission (months 12 and 15, corresponding to 1 and 4 months, respectively, after RCb treatment) (Figure 2d). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.