Beyond CLL, the expression rates of CD38 and NGAL-R are high in other tumors such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemias [47,48,49,50], epithelial carcinomas (esophagus, liver, kidney, endometrial carcinomas) [13,24,51,52,53,54,55] and gliomas [51,56]. Here, CD38 is linked to carcinoma.