MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Canonically, the pathological diagnosis of AD relies on the postmortem detection of the accumulation of abnormal structures, such as senile plaques resulting from the extracellular deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) protein, which could trigger the neurodegenerative cascade leading to the loss of neurons associated with higher brain function [4].