Hence the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment shapes the cytokine milieu either towards anti-tumoral, including immunostimulatory cytokines supporting antigen presentation, T cell activation and survival (IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-7, IL-15) or towards pro-tumoral fostering tumor cell proliferation, migration (IL-6, TGF-β) and suppressing immune cell activity (IL-10, IL-4) (Figure 1). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.