VEGFA and posterior cortical atrophy: Moreover, high-dose tamoxifen therapy was well tolerated in a heavily pretreated patient cohort with castratation-resistant PCa, where the drug demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation via suppression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase-α/AKT and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)−9/VEGF signaling pathways [218].