Moreover, ERβ induces anti-tumoral activity in PCa cells by increasing the expression of anti-proliferative genes like phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), FOXO3a, Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A, p21) and 1B (CDKN1B, p27), as well as decreasing the expression of genes like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), F-box protein p45 (SKP2), c-MYC, and cyclin E (CCNE), or the oncogenic TMPRSS2-ERG fusion. Here, PTEN is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.