The significant enrichment of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications in down-regulated genes at both 48 h and 96 h post-perfusion, as well as the PI3-Akt pathway at 96 h in the current study, is therefore somewhat surprising and could suggest that, when the tumour is on chip, the aggressive proliferative nature is subdued. This evidence concerns the gene PI3 and neoplasm.