EVs from bladder cancer cells were able to induce the migration of urothelial cells by downregulating the expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin and inducing the expression of mesenchymal genes (alpha-smooth muscle actin or α-SMA and S100 calcium-binding protein A4 or S100A4) [88]. The gene discussed is S100A4; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.