In a rat model of COPD, NAC treatment enhanced pulmonary functions, decreased COPD-induced increases in TNFα and IL-6, reduced the inflammatory infiltration of the lung, reduced the tissue injury and destruction of the alveolar septum, decreased the thickness of the bronchiolar wall, and reduced the collagen and α-SMA levels [120]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.