The overexpression of SOD-2, also known as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), under the transcriptional regulation of Nrf-2; like Glo-1, represents the primary line of defense against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to hyperglycemia [13,14]. The gene discussed is GLO1; the disease is Hyperglycemia.