Furthermore, another study reported that sex-determining region Y-box 4/2 (SOX4/2), including SOX2 and SOX4, induced by the SMAD2/3 pathway, which is activated by TGFβ1 (mainly from M2 TAM), promotes the stemness and migration abilities of glioma cells [190]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.