In addition, HGBM1 activates the receptors on GBMs via the NF-kB, IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways to activate tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADC), CD8+ T cells, and macrophages [88,89]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.