On the contrary, the upregulation of ERα and ERβ, especially nERα, in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and medial mammillary nucleus (only nERα and not ERβ) has been shown to be linked to the pathophysiology of AD when compared to age- and sex-matched controls [94,95,96,97]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.