In patients with T2DM, the increased activity of monocytes and macrophages and increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as CX3CL1 (fractalkine), CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), resistin, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), E-selectin, and IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), have been reported, which indicates the potential benefits of incorporating agents of anti-inflammatory activity into therapeutic approaches in diabetes management. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.