Caporarello et al. associated the dysfunction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α) in IPF fibroblasts, finding a decrease in OCR when silencing PGC1α with siRNA in control fibroblasts, and an improvement on mitochondrial mass and OCR on IPF fibroblasts when transfecting a PGC1α-vector [73]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.