TFAM and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: On fibroblasts, NOX4 is associated with a decrease on mitochondrial biogenesis in IPF subjects due to its downregulation of both nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), both being transcription factors that are associated with high mitochondrial biogenesis [59].