ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Important driver alterations for the medical treatment of advanced or metastatic NSCLC include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), BRAFV600E, MET exon 14 skipping, and RET. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have a higher tumor response rate and shorter response time than cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with driver alteration-positive NSCLC [3–8].