First, although we used WDHD1 expression TIDE values to screen for populations more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint therapy, given the complexity of the tumors and the heterogeneity of the population, future consideration should be given to the joint application of additional metrics, such as tobacco exposure and hepatitis B virus infection, to further identify populations that are most likely to benefit from treatment with ICIs across different tumor types, as these factors are also associated with the lack of use of tumor of immunotherapy outcomes [133–135]. Here, WDHD1 is linked to neoplasm.