NPPB and atrial fibrillation: The main findings were as follows: (1) In patients with AF, The prevalence of multidimensional frailty (42.6% by CGA-FI) was higher than that of physical frailty (34.5% by Fried) ; (2) In patients with AF, the presence of frailty was associated with older, more female, higher CHA2DS2-VASC and CCI score, more heart failure, cognitive impairment, and malnutrition, higher D-dimer and NT-proBNP, larger left atrial diameter, taking more oral medications, and fewer interventional or surgical procedures regardless of the criteria.