Consistent with our previous observation (Fig. 5h) regarding higher T cell fraction in HER2+ cases which had pCR compared to those with RD, we found that increasing lymphocyte density in the TransNEO cohort of 57 HER2+ pre-treatment tumour biopsies were significantly associated with increased pCR rate (Fig. 6d; Simple logistic regression, Odds Ratio: 2.3, 95% C.I: 1.28–4.61; P = 0.008). The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is neoplasm.