MTOR and neoplasm: For example, a treadmill-running protocol inhibited muscle mass loss in tumor-bearing mice through the suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, enhancing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and phosphorylated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and prevented the deactivation of the mTOR pathway in the soleus muscle [302].