In previous studies on T2DM mice fed high-fat and high-sugar diets, it was reported that the administration of aqueous extracts of mulberry leaves causes changes in the gut microbiota that reduce BCAA concentration and host uptake in the feces, which ultimately promotes the tissue-specific expression of BCAA catabolic enzymes in the host [19]. This evidence concerns the gene ARID4B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.