SIRT3 and ischemia: In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that MI/R reduces SIRT3 expression and its deacetylase activity, which results in decreased antioxidant capacity and enhanced autophagy, whereas the upregulation of SIRT3 expression or ischemia pretreatment attenuates autophagic cell death, improves mitochondrial quality control, and reduces myocardial microvascular damage [101,102].