In spite of the significant increase of antibodies against CSP antigens observed in PM, this study failed to find association between pre-erythrocytic antibodies and malaria protection while recent malaria vaccines studies demonstrated the relevance of these antibodies (in particular the CSP-NANP specific antibodies) in the protection against clinical malaria in children (52, 77, 78). The gene discussed is DNAJC5; the disease is malaria.