AKT1 and neoplasm: The cytotoxic effect of ME and its constituents may occur by targeting two signaling pathways that regulate tumor proliferation resulting in apoptosis and cancer cell cycling, namely the PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways [4,19,20,21,22].