In this regard, concomitant therapies with corticosteroids [10,11], antibiotics [12,13], proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) [14,15,16], oral opioids [14], and metformin [15] have been shown to impair the efficacy of agents targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpointin advanced NSCLC. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.