PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Previous studies have demonstrated that PNPLA3(148M) variation is associated with a variety of liver diseases, including MAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Dhar and Loomba, 2021), and increases the risk of liver-related death (Grimaudo et al., 2020; Stender and Loomba, 2020).