Given the paucity of clinical evidence, the amalgamation of TCR diversity and clonality in PD-1+CD8+ T cells derived from peripheral blood might serve as a non-invasive biological marker in conjunction with PD-L1 levels and TMB for predicting the response to immunotherapy and prognosticating outcomes in NSCLC patients. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.