LIF and tuberculosis: For instance, IL-3, IL-12p40, LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), IFN-α2, IL-2ra, IL-13, β-NGF (nerve growth factor), SCF (stem cell factor), TNF-β, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), IL-2, IFN-γ, IP-10, and MIG (membrane-bound immunoglobulin) were significantly higher in both active and latent TB compared to other respiratory infections, while MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) was significantly lower in active TB patients only (16).