In conclusion, these data demonstrated that long-term luspatercept treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia in patients with RS-positive LR-MDS provided sustained clinical benefit with a predictable safety profile, and RBC-TI ≥8 weeks, RBC-TI ≥16 weeks, and/or an increase in Hb ≥1.5 g/dl during the first 24 weeks of treatment was associated with improved OS among ESA-intolerant/refractory patients with RS-positive LR-MDS. The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.