WWTR1 and keratoconus: Our previous study showed that oral administration of a high dose of metformin stimulates AMPK activity (as seen by an increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation), reduces the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), ERK, and S6, and lowers the expression of YAP and TAZ in the pancreas of KC mice with diet-induced obesity11.