However, since a significantly reduced weight gain was observed only in male KC mice fed the HFCD and treated with metformin and simvastatin (compared to HFCD alone), which is associated with a significant decrease in pancreatic fibro-inflammation and cancer development only in this cohort, we cannot rule out some contribution of the anti-obesity effects of the combination of metformin and simvastatin on pancreatic cancer development in this study. This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.