RIPK1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Consistently, weak staining of phospho-RIP-1 was observed in cells treated with NAFLD hybrid exosomes loaded with OA (OA/NAFLD-Exo), whereas intense staining was detected in the nuclei of cells treated with hybrid exosomes from healthy subjects loaded with PA (PA/Healthy-Exo) (Fig. 4C).