In addition to well-established IFNγ target genes such as CD274, IRF1, and B2M, three members of the PARP family—PARP9, −12 and −14—were consistently upregulated in all cell models as well as in IFNGhigh patient melanoma (comparing top 15% by IFNG expression to lowest 15% in the TCGA SKCM dataset) (Fig. 1K). The gene discussed is IRF1; the disease is melanoma.