IFNG and cancer: Demonstrating the relevance of these IFNγ-adapted models to ICBT acquired resistance in patients, expression levels of sixteen genes commonly selectively upregulated in response to chronic IFNγ treatment (see methods section for how a chronic IFNγ signature was derived) associated with poor response to ICBT in a large cohort of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer who were treated with an anti-PD-L1 agent (atezolizumab)25 (Supplementary Fig. 2A) and were typically associated with poor cancer patient survival (Supplementary Fig. 2B–G).