In conclusion, correct monitoring of IBD, which is necessary to guide treatment decisions in the treat-to-target era properly, can be difficult in daily clinical practice, and there is still an unmet need for biomarkers that could assess the duration of disease remission and the risk of relapse.45 Our results suggest that PAI-1 could be a potential novel biomarker in IBD based on the obtained data. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.