CD8 tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells marked by CD103 (ITGAE) expression are believed to actively inhibit cancer progression, and intra-tumor CD8+ CD103+ T cells can predict the response to PD-L1 blockade [39], including in bladder cancer [40] and lung cancer [41], and are associated with good prognosis of patients. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and lung cancer.