CCL5 and colitis: As the heatmap showed (Fig. 8b), in the model system of colitis treated with MSC or not, acetate level was significantly positively correlated with the expressions of CCL5 (r = 0.654, p = 0.040) and IL-10 (r = 0.741, p = 0.014), but inversely with IL-17A (r = -0.763, p = 0.010) and IL-1β (r = -0.729, p = 0.017).