SOX2 and breast carcinoma: Ginsenoside Rg3 [101] has been shown to reduce the clonogenic capacity of breast cancer stem-like cells by decreasing the expression levels of CD44, a surface marker of breast cancer stem-like cells, to induce their differentiation through Akt-mediated self-renewal signaling to decrease the expression and localization of SOX2, BMI-1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.