We started from the observation that, in 1,861 European individuals who underwent histological assessment of liver damage for suspected nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), namely the Liver Biopsy Cohort31, the effect size of the PNPLA3 p.I148M variant was larger in women than in men (Fig. 1a and Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.