VEGFA and neoplasm: Currently, effective tumor therapy mainly relies on a variety of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs targeting vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and mammalian target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) and immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints such as PD-1 and PD-L1 (Yoon 2017; Chen et al. 2019; Braun et al. 2020; Lai et al. 2021; Qi et al. 2022).