BIRC5 and neoplasm: Moreover, numerous studies have revealed that the expression of survivin is highly upregulated in most human malignancies, such as lung cancer [14], breast cancer [15], colorectal cancer [16] and glioblastoma multiforme [17], which enables cancer cells to increase proliferation, avoid apoptosis, tumor recurrence, metastasis, and chemotherapy/radiotherapy resistance [18, 19].