MLN and postpartum hemorrhage: Previous studies have confirmed that the amounts of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding were positively correlated with the patient’s stress response(e.g., C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, Aldosterone, Adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone).[18] The bleeding would further affect the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones (e.g., Somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and motilin), and ultimately alter the gastrointestinal function after surgery.[19] Postpartum hemorrhage usually co-exists with gastrointestinal dysfunction.