A shift in the balance between type 1 and type 2 T helper cells (Th1 and Th2 cells) is considered an important factor in cancer development.[67,68] Furthermore, Th2-derived cytokines such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 promote tumor progression by inducing M2 macrophage polarization.[69] Therefore, our data suggested that SKA1 overexpression plays a significant role in the immune escape mechanisms of HCC cells, thereby contributing to HCC growth and progression. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and neoplasm.