The SII considers the abundance of lymphocytes that play a major role in inducing cytotoxic cell death and suppressing cancer cell proliferation (39), neutrophils that are known to secrete a variety of cytokines (VEGF, IL-8, IL-16, etc.)that stimulate tumor cell growth and metastasis (40), and platelets that can promote cancer cell arrest at the endothelium and support the establishment of secondary lesions of cancer cells (41). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.